Tótország (Land of the Tóts/Tóths) + Hungarian History telling 1. part
In this blog, I will talk mostly about Slovakia, but regarding the tribe Tót, I need to mention more countries.
This blog post is mostly go through Hungarian sources, and Hungarian History telling. I will show in another post, who it looks like from Slovakian History telling.
In Wikipedia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T%C3%B3tok
This word refers to a Slavic-speaking population in the Kingdom of Hungary in the past. They can be Slovaks (people from modern-day Slovakia), Slovenes (people from modern-day Slovenia), and Slavonians (Croats of Slavonia, modern-day Croatia) until the 19th century.
So how is it possible that people from Croatia live in a place that is nowadays Slovakia?
From this picture, we can see that in the North, that is nowadays Slovakia and Ukraine, originally White-Croations lived = fehér-horvátok.
In the 20th century, they are the ones who were the main focus of the proverbs.
Who were the Slavonians?
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What happened after the Hungarians arrived?
In the German language, the tribe or population Tóts refers to every Slavic tribe that did not fight for individual power. In German, they were called "vend".
NÉPESSÉG | 1240-ben | 1380-ban | ||
ezer fő | százalék | ezer fő | százalék | |
teljes népesség | 2.200 | 100,0 | 2.800 | 100,0 |
magyarok | 1.570 | 71,3 | 1.820 | 65,0 |
nem-magyarok | 630 | 28,7 | 980 | 35,0 |
németek | 75 | 3,4 | 100 | 3,6 |
tótok | 200 | 9,1 | 280 | 10,0 |
oláhok | 30 | 1,4 | 120 | 4,3 |
ruténok | 15 | 0,7 | 50 | 1,8 |
horvátok és vendek | 200 | 9,1 | 310 | 11,0 |
szerbek | 10 | 0,5 | 20 | 0,7 |
egyéb (jász, kun, más) | 100 | 4,5 | 100 | 3,6 |
Magyarország népessége Nagy Lajos halála előtt
Source: https://mek.oszk.hu/20000/20051/html/index.htm
In 1380, the ethic group or tribe or population of the Tóts was 280 000 people, that gave the 10% of the population in Hungary, This time we talk about the Tóts, who are from the South and the North both, Not only the 20th Tóts in Slovakia.
From this picture, we can see that the Tóts are not the same anymore, like the Croatians; different colors show where they lived. The Croats are the dark purple in the place where we find kind of Croatia nowadays.
The light blue is to show the Tóts, where we find nowadays Slovakia, in the northern part of the map. This was in 1520.
NÉPESSÉG | 1380-ban | 1520-ban | ||
ezer fő | százalék | ezer fő | százalék | |
teljes népesség | 2.800 | 100,0 | 4.300 | 100,0 |
magyarok | 1.820 | 65,0 | 2.650 | 61,6 |
nem-magyarok | 980 | 35,0 | 1.650 | 38,4 |
németek | 100 | 3,6 | 140 | 3,3 |
tótok | 280 | 10,0 | 490 | 11,4 |
oláhok | 120 | 4,3 | 270 | 6,3 |
ruténok | 50 | 1,8 | 80 | 1,9 |
horvátok és vendek | 310 | 11,0 | 460 | 10,7 |
szerbek és rácok | 20 | 0,7 | 140 | 3,2 |
egyéb (jász, kun, más) | 100 | 3,6 | 70 | 1,6 |
A Kárpát-medence népessége Mohács előtt
Source: https://mek.oszk.hu/20000/20051/html/index.htm
We can see, that in 1520 before the Turks arrived, the Tóts had 490 000 people, that means 11.4% of the population in the Kingdom of Hungary.
(1521-1718) Turks in Hungary, or the The Ottoman Empire, 150 years.
Source: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Timeline_of_the_Ottoman_Empire#/media/File:Emp%C3%A8ri_Otoman_-_Expansion_territ%C3%B2riala_de_1307_a_1683.png
The region became the new Hungary during the time of the expanded Ottoman Empire.
Practically, those places where, before, mostly the Tóts lived. Pozsony became the new Royal city.
Pozsony is Bratislava nowadays.
NÉPESSÉG | 1520-ban | 1720-ban | ||
ezer fő | százalék | ezer fő | százalék | |
teljes népesség | 4.300 | 100,0 | 4.600 | 100,0 |
magyarok | 2.650 | 61,6 | 2.000 | 43,5 |
nem-magyarok | 1.650 | 38,4 | 2.600 | 56,5 |
németek | 140 | 3,3 | 270 | 5,9 |
tótok | 490 | 11,4 | 520 | 11,3 |
oláhok | 270 | 6,3 | 800 | 17,3 |
ruténok | 80 | 1,9 | 150 | 3,3 |
horvátok és vendek | 460 | 10,7 | 410 | 8,9 |
szerbek | 140 | 3,2 | 355 | 7,7 |
egyéb etnikum | 70 | 1,6 | 95 | 2,1 |
A Kárpát-medence becsült népessége 1720-ban
Source: https://mek.oszk.hu/20000/20051/html/index.htm
So in 1720, the Tóts had around 520 000 people, that gave the 11.3% of the population in the Kingdom of Hungary.
What kind of changes happened in the Tóts' mentality after the 1848 Revolution?
Slovak Uprising
After 1000 years living in the North, they finally decided to declare themselves to be some kind of trib or ethnic population, which is the beginning of Slovakia.
Source: 7.3.4 Szlovákok - https://mek.oszk.hu/20000/20051/html/index.htm
Only after 1849 did the Tóts become a nationality. Who are they? They could not give a full, proper answer. Why?
- They didn't have any noble people, like the Croatians.
- They did not have lands or a region where they would have been the governing power.
- They did not have bordering countries, as the Serbs or Romanians did have.
- Their customs, religion, and language were not the same. These factors did not give cohesion in the population Tóts.
- They were more connected with the Czech people, the Moravian people, the East Polish people, and the Ruthenian people.
- Their religions were Evangelical, Catholic, and Greek-Catholic.
- There was no real Slovakian language, as it had numerous versions.
- Plus, they had a lot of internal conflicts with the different groups of Tóts.
- The revolution started through the Czech Protestant church. They sent several religious books to provide study materials to the Tót to create a Slovak language.
Why? At this point, the Czech Protestant church wanted to declare that the Tóts language is Czech.
So they started as White Croatians, and in the 1000 years, they were the little brother of the Czech Protestant church.
- But the Catholic church wanted something different. To create an individual Slovak language. They started to use the Kralice Bible, which had a Czech origin, but a different vocabulary.
- In 1790, the first Slovak Grammar book was published as "Grammatica Slavica" by Anton Bernolák
This was the start of the Slovak language and the victory over the Czech influence.
- They started to write down stories to create History books in 1793, Juraj Fándly wrote the book Compendiata historia gentis Slavae (1793) [A concise history of the Slovak nation].
His name in Hungarian: György Fándly or György Fandl. He was a Slovak writer, Catholic priest and entomologist (bee-keeper) in the Kingdom of Hungary. Source: https://www.wikiwand.com/en/articles/Juraj_F%C3%A1ndly
Some places he is mentioned under the name: Georgius Papánek. György is the Hungarian version of Georgius, pap means priest... so kind of Georgius Priest...
In this book, the author put the main focus on the long connection to the Hungarians, as the Tóts always fighted on the side of the Hungarians if there was a war.
Why did the conflict start between Tóts and Hungarians?
Some Hungarians claimed that the Tóts are not human beings.
For answer the Francisci, the leader of the students in the city Levoča (Lőcse in Hungarian, Leutschau in German) called the Hungarians people with dog head. Where did he write it? In his book, called the imaginary Blahoslavia (that means the happy Slovakia in 1847.
Kollár, a university teacher from Pest, prised the Slovak language and humiliated the Hungarian language (Switzerland, 1821).
Very strong prtest staretd against the Tóts. Most of the student circles were closed.
Széchenyi, the leader of the HUngarian nobles raised his voice against this agressive behaviour.
As we can see, not everybody wanted to stop the Slovaks to have their own cultural and language development. But there were also strong blocks.
Why?
Because of the fear from the Russians.
The Hungarians mostly stopped every Slav language programs as they thought that maybe Russia is behind them.
At this point, it was still possible to live together, as there was no clear view or vision among the Slovaks that they want. If they want to be a new country, and more or not.
Why could not the Tóts win this cultural battle of or spring?
As that point they were still not a real Slavic culture or ethinc group or nation.
The further conflicts was, as the Hungarian did not realise the time and the limit, who much the Tóts would have been willing to take.
NÉPESSÉG | 1720-ban | 1785-ben | ||
ezer fő | százalék | ezer fő | százalék | |
teljes népesség | 4.600 | 100,0 | 9.940 | 100,0 |
magyarok | 2.000 | 43,5 | 4.130 | 41,6 |
nem-magyarok | 2.600 | 56,5 | 5.810 | 58,4 |
németek | 270 | 5,9 | 992 | 10,0 |
tótok | 520 | 11,3 | 1.062 | 10,7 |
oláhok | 800 | 17,3 | 1.607 | 16,2 |
ruténok | 150 | 3,3 | 356 | 3,6 |
horvátok | 410 | 8,9 | 950 | 9,5 |
szerbek | 355 | 7,7 | 681 | 6.8 |
egyéb | 95 | 2,1 | 162 | 1,6 |
Népesség 1720-ban és 1785-ben
Source: https://mek.oszk.hu/20000/20051/html/index.htm
In 1785, there were 1 062 000 Tóts, that gave the 10.7% of the population in the Kingdom of the Hungary.
To be continued....
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